Performance. Theory X/Y is a leadership model that was postulated by Douglas McGregor (1960) in his book "The Human Side of Enterprise." McGregor's calls his idea as Theory X/Y to propose that there are two major attitudes in people management. Theory Y managers favor a more collaborative approach, centering their leadership on trust, valuing creative problem solving, and managing by way of providing their employees with tools, opportunities, and visibility to do their jobs well.
traits, behaviour and situation. Performance.
Under Theory Y, employees are not lazy, can enjoy work, and will put effort into furthering organizational goals. Theory Y management. There are a wide variety of theories about leadership and understanding these can help you be even more effective and impactful for your organization. Putting things into context. The new director continues the practice of sending her staff through the leadership program. The theory of Theory-Y is a new approach to management.
Leadership Outcomes. As an alternative, Theory X/Y leadership model will be discussed in this paper. Trait theory takes a very similar approach to Great Man Theory in also using Carlyle's ideas as a basis. O b. Collective decision-making. According to an American Society for Training and Development study, job knowledge is the only thing that ranks higher than communication in determining good leadership. the historical foundations of leadership theory and review the progress that has been made. The traits theory failed to explain what caused effective leadership. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). In these cases, people are unlikely to find reward or fulfillment in their work, so a "carrot and stick " approach will tend to be more successful in motivating them than a Theory Y approach.
Employees work because they enjoy their labor and are working to better themselves. The first, usually called the . The term that best covers the main focus of leadership is influence. Behavioural styles approach: focuses on the behaviour of people in leadership positions, the importance of leadership style and how it influences group performance.. Likert, Blake and Mouton and Blake and McCanse compared behavioural styles across two dimensions: concern for production (relates to McGregor Theory X) and concern for people (relates to McGregor Theory Y). The managerial grid approach considers people and production, and evolves five types of leadership styles. The Situational Theory is similar to the Contingency Theory as it also proposes that no one leadership style supersedes others. Both the theories, which are very different from each other, are used by managers to motivate their employees. Theory Y assumes that subordinates do not dislike the work, are self-motivated, can be creative, seeks responsibility (leadership roles), and can be self-directed. Trait leadership theory was originally developed by Thomas Carlyle in the 19th century. Transcribed image text: What is the approach of Theory Y leadership? Theory Y is a modern approach on motivation, put forward by McGregor. Knowledge. Beyond Theory Y. It uses the participative style of management and assumes that workforce is self-directed and enjoy the work assigned to them, in the accomplishment of organisational objectives. As its name suggests, the theory implies that leadership depends on the situation at hand. In the context of today, Theory X has . Exercise 2-1 is intended to help elucidate the difference between Theory X and Theory Y. 5. 'Theory Y' underlines the importance of maintaining an organisation where people feel confident and motivated. To behavioural theorists, a leader behaviour is the best interpreter of his governance prowess and as a result, is the best centre of their leadership success. However, modern revisions including "contingency theorists" argue that Theory Y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull Theory X. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. The earliest theories of leadership were the Great Man Theories, which emerged in the late 1800s.
Management and leadership are two separate business disciplines. Contingency Theory: Contingency theories of leadership state that effective leadership comprises of all the three factors, i.e. O a. This wasn't entirely accurate. Behavioral approach is one of the approaches of studying and implementing leadership policies and decisions and has proved to be an effective way of management as it is consistent with theory Y.
These assumptions lead to a better managerial approach and this greater satisfaction in the workplace.
Social Judgment Skills. It has the following characteristics: 1. This approach emphasizes cooperation between management and employees. The unconscious is the mental territory where . It involves lot of leadership skills on the part of the managers to achieve these objectives. Theory Y managers are likely to believe that employees are motivated by the value of their contribution. • Human relations approach • Theory X and Theory Y Scientific: 1. To start off with, here's a brief definition of McGregor's theory X and theory Y.
Let's look at the two theories in detail. Theory Y managers favor a more collaborative approach, centering their leadership on trust, valuing creative problem solving, and managing by way of providing their employees with tools, opportunities, and visibility to do their jobs well. In the 1960s and 1970s two new kinds of leadership theory emerged. Dive deep into the characteristics of the theories X and Y in . Behavioural Approach Theory. It posits that certain natural abilities are inherent in effective leaders.
Because each one of our team members was to focus on different aspects of this leadership approach, I decided to focus on competencies of problem-solving and social judgment skills. This is the core principle of the Z theory and connects to the previously mentioned Y theory. O b. Management is primarily concerned with guidance, personal example, control, and authority - affirming the positive behavior of the leader (delegating power and responsibility).
Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the concept, sometimes contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to . Theory X. In my previous post solely looking at the behavioral theory of leadership I implied that trait theory was the same as the great man theory. This theory states that individual goals and organizational goals don't have conflict. They were the situational theory and contingency theory approaches.
Transcribed image text: What is the approach of Theory Y leadership? Good leaders can make or break a department, team, or an entire company. Management Implications of Theory Y | Motivation | Leadership. Theory X is a behavioral style for workplace management; it's defined by a strict rule of law.Setting defined theories for our managing styles helps us to establish workplace standards.
Theory X. What is Theory Y? The major distinct disadvantage of Theory X and Theory Y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions — a supervisor is either motivated by Theory X or by Theory Y. Theory Y assumptions are those of the humanist-manager, who takes a positive view of people's approaches and expertise. It takes an interpersonal approach to managing human beings. 8. Theory Y, formalized by Douglas McGregor in 1960, suggests that leadership . McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. The behavioral approach is based on the study of behavior of a leader. Theory X and Theory Y represent two different types of leadership styles. The formal elements of an organization are its structure. Concerned with increasing productivity 2. people with low intelligence should be supervised by people with higher intelligence. ), The SAGE Handbok of Leadership: 393-405. THEORY X. Leadership Outcomes.
Theory X, for instance, is generally more prevalent in larger organizations, or in teams where work can be repetitive and target-driven. Leadership researchers White and Hodgson suggest that truly effective leadership is not just about the qualities of the leader, it is about striking the right balance between behaviors, needs, and context. This theory states that individual goals and organizational goals don't have conflict. Developed in the 1960s by Douglas McGregor in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise," 1 Theory X and Theory Y allocate the job of management into two styles.
Trait era: Great Man theory (1840s) and trait theories (1930s-1940s) In the 19th century, research on leadership was focused on the innate characteristics of a leader9 10 and on identifying the personality traits and other qualities of effective leaders.11. Leaders must respond with a participative style of management. Definition: Theory X and theory Y are part of motivational theories.
According to theory X, there are following assumptions about human nature, on which the manager has to base his motivation efforts: The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can do so. 6.
Before we begin, we need to put leadership theory and practice in the context of history, to understand how the field of study has evolved. Theory into practice Abraham Maslow viewed McGregor as a mentor. The distinguishing feature of psychoanalytic approaches is the assumption of an unconscious dimension to social and individual life. More specifically, these theories refer to two management styles: the authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). To start off with, here's a brief definition of McGregor's theory X and theory Y. Contingency approach helps to understand that management activity such as planning, controlling, leadership, or organization are completely dependent on the circumstances. Problem-solving almost seems to be a given for any study on leadership. And, just like your algebra class, X and Y don't work totally independently, although you can manage in a style that is mostly a Theory X or Theory Y management style. A noteworthy theory about leadership can be considered Tannenbaum and Schimt Model . As an element of developing a business culture, the owner or management of a business must select an approach to managerial communication that best serves the needs of the business. the Theory Y style of leadership. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds. To support this theory of leadership various models were developed, and multiple studies were conducted in this direction. He was a strong supporter of Theories X and Y, and he put Theory Y (that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility) into practice in a Californian electronics factory. Theory Y assumes that people are generally motivated, self-starters who are ready to take up the challenges without too much supervision, direction, and control.
The trait theory of leadership focuses on identifying different personality traits and characteristics that are linked to successful leadership across a variety of situations. Learn about several leadership theories and see how they can impact your leadership skills. As such, threats of punishment are far less effective in motivating the employee. Psychoanalytic approaches to leadership. Knowledge.
In this context, participants might wish to assess their own leadership style and that of their supervisors. O a. X and consider using the techniques suggested by Theory Y.
The core belief of the Great Man theory is that leaders are born, not made or trained. Although it is not a fully articulated theory with well-developed hypotheses, the trait approach formed the basis . This line of research emerged as one of the earliest types of investigations into the nature of effective leadership and is tied to the "great man" theory of leadership .
Employees should be given opportunities to contribute to organizational well-being. This model is based on the consideration of leadership as well as on a variety of types of behavior of a leader-Chief, as they can appear under the influence of the internal environment of the organization and of the social environment to.
One of the most important ways a leader communicates to his or her group is by example and attitude, ."Know thyself" - Plato. The Behavioral approach theory It focuses on the study of specific behaviours of a leader. Because each one of our team members was to focus on different aspects of this leadership approach, I decided to focus on competencies of problem-solving and social judgment skills. Leadership 5: Theory X, Theory Y. While trait theory and behavioral theory focused primarily on the leader him/herself, situational theory focused on the situation (Antonakis et al., 2004: 152).
Putting things into context.
Theory Y implies that the managers should create and encourage a work environment which provides opportunities to employees to take initiative and self-direction.
The approach emphasizes work efficiency and views people as not so industrious and responsible O c. The approach seeks to transform people and look .
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